NL4 EYE

This eighth-grade science lesson is a review for the end-of-year test on biology. Topics include the eye, stimulus and response, and animal behavior. It is the eighth lesson in a sequence of eight lessons on the sensory system and behavior. The lesson is 40 minutes in duration. There are 24 students in the class.

TimeCaption
00:00:03Okay, ladies and gentlemen. If everybody, uh, could pay very close attention. We have-
00:00:09(inaudible)
00:00:12Today we have an- a guest, someone who's here to film us. This has to do, as I understand, with an international study.
00:00:19I don't know the exact purpose of it, but, anyway, they asked permission to, uh, film a number of lessons.
00:00:25Among which, this lesson. Um, so it's not for commercial purposes, like you'd suddenly show up in a commercial or something.
00:00:32(inaudible)
00:00:33So don't you worry. Uh, today we will- like I said last time, right? We're-
00:00:40(inaudible)
00:00:41Young man, this applies to you too.
00:00:44We already lost a lesson for that BAVO test. Last time was the sports day.
00:00:49I just heard you came in third there. Not bad.
00:00:53However in this last lesson we'll be very busy, for we still need to finish a section with many problems that will return in the test.
00:01:02Last time we ended with, uh, the opening in the eye, the iris, which can become bigger and smaller...
00:01:10Becomes bigger and smaller with the aid of small muscles.
00:01:14Well, we still need to look at the lens, whose shape you can change. These are two things that seem very similar.
00:01:20People confuse them frequently.
00:01:23So we have to pay, uh, some attention to that. Other than that, we still have to discuss Basic Subject Matter Eight and Nine very briefly.
00:01:29Those are very simple, for the most part you can find your way through them on your own.
00:01:34In a moment you will get the scores for the BAVO test back. At the end of the lesson you get the report back. It has a mark as well.
00:01:43Furthermore you'll get-
00:01:44(inaudible)
00:01:48People, please, uh, stay focused.
00:01:53Where are you coming from, this late?
00:01:55(inaudible) //(she told you)
00:01:56//Well yeah, but you were almost here and then I saw you turn around.
00:01:59I walked up with her.
00:02:00That's not necessary, is it? Sit down quickly. 'Cause you're always late, aren't you?
00:02:05I'm just very busy.
00:02:09Um, so at some point you get answer sheets. We won't do it with the book this time.
00:02:17You'll get those at the end, you take them home. So you can do the checking at home.
00:02:21We don't need to spend any time on that here.
00:02:24And I hope that we have completed everything for the test week. You've been told what will be covered, right? Topic Six.
00:02:31All the basic subject matter and part of the additional enrichment material. It's in the brochure, too. We had that on the blackboard last week. So...
00:02:37(inaudible)
00:02:39What did I- or I assigned Three for you, right? Enrichment Material //Three.
00:02:43//There is another camera.
00:02:44Yes, for Enrichment Material One there are no questions, so this can go.
00:02:48[laughter] (inaudible)
00:02:52And now we'll look at Basic Subject Matter Six in the book. //So-
00:02:57//Sir, when will we get (inaudible)?
00:02:59Hello. In just a moment.
00:03:00Does the camera see the whole class?
00:03:01We start at page 231. Put that in front of you, all of you. So get page 231.
00:03:08(inaudible)
00:03:10Karen, please react when I ask something. First, you arrive late, and now you're just sitting there looking around.
00:03:15If you had been on time you would have been explained what is going on. But you were late again.
00:03:21So, just let it be with all that's going to happen.
00:03:25Page 231. Here we had, we had this on the blackboard last week, right?
00:03:31We were discussing the opening in the eye, then, the iris opening.
00:03:35And the iris opening can be made larger and smaller.
00:03:39Well, um, this little drawing represents that again. The book has more or less the same thing.
00:03:44The central section is the pupil, the opening, it is just a hole. It can become larger or smaller.
00:03:50And that had to do with the circular muscles and the radial muscles. These.
00:03:56Now, if the circular muscle--or any muscle--contracts, it gets smaller. So if the circular muscle contracts, the opening becomes smaller.
00:04:03If the radial muscles contract the opening is made larger.
00:04:09What can you compare this to in a camera? Who knows that? What's it called?
00:04:14The lens.
00:04:15Not the lens.
00:04:16Diaphragm?
00:04:17Right, the diaphragm. The diaphragm is actually the opening that lets through the amount of light that is allowed to fall on the film.
00:04:27If you look at a very simple camera, those real old cameras,
00:04:31I once had one myself, it had a little cloud, a sun and a sun with half a cloud.
00:04:38And what it had inside was, there was a knob which you could turn. And what really happened was:
00:04:43you had a disc in there, and the disc had holes in it.
00:04:51And you can imagine what position the little sun indicated. Here, at the small opening, was the little sun.
00:04:59And if there was a lot of light outside, you only needed a small opening.
00:05:03Then not too much light would fall on the film, otherwise the film would be overexposed.
00:05:07Too much light, if you take a picture almost directly into the sun, you hardly get anything on the picture.
00:05:13Well, then, of course, the little sun with the small cloud was here. And here the little cloud.
00:05:18The less light, the greater the opening behind the lens has to be. So you have the lens, the opening, and there you have the film.
00:05:25That film is light-sensitive. You want to be able to limit the amount of light that passes through.
00:05:31Well, in our eye we do this by making the pupil larger or smaller. And what represents the film in our eye?
00:05:39The retina.
00:05:40The retina.
00:05:41The retina. That's the light-sensitive part.
00:05:44And we also have a lens. In a camera the lens is in front of the diaphragm.
00:05:54And, actually, in the eye that's the same.
00:05:58There too, um- well actually, no, it's just the other way around. The lens is behind the diaphragm.
00:06:02Because our diaphragm is, let's say, the opening, the pupil. And the iris we can shrink and enlarge.
00:06:10With the aid of these little muscles.
00:06:12Now we'll, we'll skip a bit and go to page 200- let me see, uh, 256 in the book.
00:06:22Just get that.
00:06:23A very large section, sir.
00:06:25And there you see the following story, which is often confused with this one. There you see a lens.
00:06:35So this is the lens. And around the lens there is a muscle.
00:06:47And this muscle they call the "ciliary body." Yes, and that, of course, sounds a little bit like "radial muscles."
00:06:56So these terms tend to get mixed up. So, the ciliary body.
00:07:01And in the ciliary body there are circular muscles.
00:07:06The ciliary body and the lens are connected with zonules. Those are not muscles.
00:07:13Those zonules cannot change form. They cannot become longer or shorter.
00:07:20But they are attached to the lens.
00:07:23Now, you can imagine that if the muscles in the ciliary body, if they contract, what will happen to that ciliary body?
00:07:33Does it get larger or smaller?
00:07:34Smaller.
00:07:35Becomes smaller, right? When muscles contract they become smaller. So this gets smaller. What would happen to the zonules?
00:07:42They loosen up.
00:07:43They loosen up, right. So if you- I'll make another sketch, in miniature.
00:07:49(inaudible)
00:07:50This is contracted and then those zonules, they are a little loose.
00:07:55(inaudible)
00:07:57Yes? Well, the lens, it can change shape a little.
00:08:02That also has to do- the eye, is on the inside filled up with a jelly-like mass.
00:08:08A kind of liquid-like material, and there is a certain pressure behind it.
00:08:13Well, if the lens, if the zonules are a little loose, then the lens looks like this. It is rounded.
00:08:25If the zonules are taut, then the lens is pulled, so then the lens will be... flatter.
00:08:34So that's in fact what happens. So you can- all you can do is make the lens more flat or round.
00:08:42When does it get rounder?
00:08:46Well? When does it get rounder?
00:08:49When the zonules (relax).
00:08:51When these muscles are contracted, so in the ciliary body the muscles are contracted,
00:08:57the zonules are relaxed, then the lens gets rounder, automatically.
00:09:04Well, if it gets flatter, then this muscle is relaxed, while the pressure of the eye pulls the zonules taut again,
00:09:12And the lens is made flatter. At what cost-
00:09:16Mr. Smith, //may I say something to the class?
00:09:18//Yes, yes.
00:09:19Guys, the fourth period you'll have Mrs. Bruins?
00:09:21Yes.
00:09:22She called in sick.
00:09:23Ooh.
00:09:24Yes, that's sad, but everything will be all right. So you may go to the cafeteria during the fourth period, or continue to work on your own.
00:09:31Yes! Yes. Whoo! Whoo!
00:09:32Okay? Thanks.
00:09:34(inaudible)
00:09:42Okay, if everybody is ready again. Uh, last part of this. If you uh, compare this with a camera-
00:09:53Ladies, ladies. If you compare this with a camera, what is the similarity?
00:09:59This, uh, rounding or flattening? You can't do that with a camera, of course. You can't just change the shape of the lens.
00:10:06But what is it that you can do?
00:10:08Zoom in or zoom out.
00:10:09Zooming in, right? Focusing.
00:10:12So, this, what happens here, has to do with focusing. If...
00:10:20If the lens is rounded, then you can see clearly up close.
00:10:26If the lens is flat, you'll see better, say, at a distance. Focused for distance.
00:10:35Well, what takes more energy, looking far away, or looking up close?
00:10:40Close by.
00:10:42Close by, why?
00:10:44You have to put it in focus.
00:10:46Karin, why does that take more energy, looking close?
00:10:50Why don't you tell me.
00:10:54Why does it take more energy if I want to look up close?
00:10:58:00]
00:11:03But looking up close my eye get tired. Why?
00:11:06(inaudible)
00:11:15And your neighbor may think with you.
00:11:16(inaudible)
00:11:18Maybe I know.
00:11:19Go //ahead.
00:11:20//Because the- the ciliary body contracts.
00:11:24Right, the muscles in the ciliary body contract. So that takes energy.
00:11:31Muscles will get tired. If you, uh, have to hold something continuously, keep your muscles contracted,
00:11:36Even with a small weight, even if I was to hold just one kilogram in my arm, and I'd I have to hold my arm like this,
00:11:41Then after a minute that one kilogram gets to be pretty heavy.
00:11:44And you'll never last five minutes. Yes, and that's just one little kilogram. If you have to contract your muscle all the time, it will get tired.
00:11:51That's how it is with the muscles in the, uh, ciliary body. They get tired. And at some point you can't keep it up anymore.
00:11:59It's not working as well anymore. You're not seeing as well up close anymore, because the lens automatically flattens a bit.
00:12:06So looking closely takes more energy. But staring into the distance hardly takes any energy.
00:12:13Okay, well, that's the part on this enrichment material. It's important that you understand this very well.
00:12:19I formulated 15 questions, uh, specifically and only about the eye. They are at the end.
00:12:26Uh, you can already guess that those will count heavily, of course.
00:12:31I have the test, the breakdown of the score is given this time. Uh, the last part counts a little heavier again.
00:12:37After all, I have to create some variation in the choice of standards.
00:12:44And these problems, I 'm not afraid to say, they are, uh final exam problems from "MAVO, MAVO 4."
00:12:53Why do we also have to (do that)?
00:12:54And I, I took a look at them. And you should be able to- you should be able to work out a number of those problems perfectly.
00:13:02Ha, a number of them?
00:13:03Uh, the smart ones-
00:13:05Boy, oh boy, that's nice.
00:13:06Or those with a bit of luck, maybe all of them.
00:13:09Sir, (we're not going on) to the "HAVO", are we?
00:13:11So, I'll see to what extent everybody manages.
00:13:14Are those multiple choice //questions?
00:13:16//Wait a minute. They are multiple choice questions.
00:13:18All of them?
00:13:19//No.
00:13:20//Is that A, B; or A, B, C, D?
00:13:21A, B, C, D.
00:13:22Sir?
00:13:23On the sheet there're all (those numbers)?
00:13:26Yes?
00:13:27Those aren't (open questions), are they?
00:13:29Yes, we do have a couple of open questions.
00:13:30(inaudible)
00:13:32In a minute (inaudible), in a minute.
00:13:34(inaudible)
00:13:36We will now, uh, look at Basic Subject Matter Eight.
00:13:43Page 235 in the book, please turn to that.
00:13:46(inaudible)
00:13:48Two hundred thirty-five?
00:13:50And those are, uh, the last assigned problems.
00:13:56(inaudible)
00:14:00Guys, please get with it, okay? These are the last assigned problems we have to do.
00:14:04Uh, Basic Subject Matter Eight is about behavior. We talked about control and behavior.
00:14:09The greater part, the most is of course about control. Behavior is the last part.
00:14:14Uh, the last part is about, uh, all kinds of behavior, human and animal.
00:14:20An important part in it is the behavior for the survival of the species, and behavior for the survival of the individual.
00:14:29Well, an individual is one, singular, one organism.
00:14:33It's easy to compare that with the things you do yourself.
00:14:38Behavior for your personal survival is for instance making sure that you lead a healthy lifestyle.
00:14:42That you stay alert on the road, if you ride your bike in the morning, so that you don't ride into a truck or under a train.
00:14:50Uh, those are all actions that you do yourself, for your own protection.
00:14:55If you look at nature, you will see that many animals, uh, serve as food for some other animal.
00:15:01And conversely, of course. And many animals just don't let themselves be taken that easy. They try to escape.
00:15:08They have developed all kinds of techniques to flee.
00:15:11And, that behavior, escaping from a predator, making sure you're not getting caught, is an example of behavior for the survival of the individual.
00:15:21And everything that has to do with reproduction-
00:15:24(inaudible)
00:15:27I don't know what you're explaining, but it has nothing to do with behavior. So please stay with it.
00:15:33Yes, so, everything that has to do with reproduction, and with the success of that, has to do with behavior for the survival of the species.
00:15:41A species can survive only if new individuals are born.
00:15:45Yes, that's the most important of course when you take a look at the evolution, you will get that later some time.
00:15:50That really focuses on: which animals are most successful? Those are the animals that reproduce the most.
00:15:58Because reproduction, survival in the future, that's really what we call success in evolution.
00:16:06We'll do a few problems about that. They can be done very quickly, so we can easily do that during the lesson.
00:16:13Uh, Basic Subject Matter Nine, Human Behavior, that's a very short piece, what you have there, less than half a page of text,
00:16:21That has to do- behavior has to do with biological causes.
00:16:27They say that behavior has to do with psychological causes and with socio-cultural causes.
00:16:34Well, I think you guys have had this in Health. And that certain cultures-
00:16:39(inaudible)
00:16:41Ladies in the back. That certain cultures have different behaviors.
00:16:47Uh, furthermore, I think it is crystal clear that, uh, apart from culture, uh, parents, friends, caregivers influence your behavior.
00:16:59The school you attend can influence your behavior.
00:17:02But, of course, also your own will. It's determined by a large number of factors. They wrote a very short piece here.
00:17:08Just go ahead and read it. There's only a few questions about that.
00:17:12And two assignments relate to it. We'll do those, and then we are done with the chapter.
00:17:18Okay? So we'll do those problems.
00:17:20I'll read out your grades for the BAVO test. I'll return the report at the end of class.
00:17:27Sir? How much does this count?
00:17:29BAVO test counts once, as a quiz. One time.
00:17:33(inaudible)
00:17:34One time. [German]
00:17:36One time.
00:17:38Sir, (can we fail)?
00:17:39No, no, no, that's impossible, mate.
00:17:42Are there any insufficient grades?
00:17:43Are there-
00:17:44There is even a ten for the BAVO test.
00:17:46Oh, my god! [English]
00:17:47Who?
00:17:48Yes, I will, I'll come across it automatically, right. Okay Marieke, and nine and a half. Theo, eight and a half. Bob, eight and a half. Milan, eight point eight.
00:17:57Elsbeth, a ten.
00:17:59Mireille, seven and a half. Juliette, nine. Stefan, seven point eight.
00:18:05Carolien, a ten. John, seven point eight. Tineke-
00:18:11Uh, let me see. I better make sure I see this right.
00:18:17Uh, Tineke a seven point eight. Nanet, nine. Klaas, eight point eight. Fiona, eight point three.
00:18:26Maria, nine and a half. Anja, nine. Marc, a nine. Sue, a nine. Lennard, nine. Leo, an eight.
00:18:38Anne, seven and a half. Karin, an eight. Teresa, seven and a half. Stephanie, a ten.
00:18:45(inaudible)
00:18:47Matthew, nine and a half. Mieke, eight point eight. Connie, nine. And Susan, a nine point three.
00:18:55I told you, didn't I?
00:18:56Sheer luck.
00:18:58Of course this was a real easy one, this test. That's why.
00:19:01(inaudible)
00:19:04Yes, you will get answer sheets from me.
00:19:06(inaudible)
00:19:12Because we are going to do assignments still.
00:19:13(inaudible)
00:19:15Yes, we'll review those, then.
00:19:16(inaudible)
00:19:19Okay, guys, we are, uh, going to do the last assignments now. And I'll hand out some sheets. Fiona... Fiona? //Or-
00:19:30//Yes?
00:19:31Well, I mean your neighbor. I always mix you up.
00:19:35We're going to do the last assignments. You interrupted me.
00:19:39We will do the last assignments and then we'll review them.
00:19:42We have that too.
00:19:43Sir? (inaudible)?
00:19:45No, later, at the end.
00:19:48Ladies, please get to work, too, doing the last assignments. For now, here are the solutions up to 17.
00:19:53(inaudible)
00:19:54Solutions up to 17.
00:19:56(inaudible)
00:20:01You have- yes, up to 17, up to 17. The last you don't have.
00:20:06(inaudible)
00:20:07Ladies, go on, go to work, nicely, here.
00:20:09Yes.
00:20:10(inaudible)
00:20:11So how far did you get?
00:20:13I didn't bring my notebook.
00:20:14I didn't either.
00:20:16Yes, then- well then you take- you take this- this- this chapter.
00:20:22And make the assignments that are part this. Now.
00:20:24Okay.
00:20:25Yes?
00:20:26Yes.
00:20:27I already made those assignments (inaudible).
00:20:31What do you have?
00:20:32I already made all the assignments through 29.
00:20:35No, that's no problem. But you didn't finish the enrichment material, did you?
00:20:38No, I still have to do Three.
00:20:39So just do Enrichment Material Three. That is //important.
00:20:41//Not more.
00:20:42No, no, no, no.
00:20:43(inaudible)
00:20:46Are you also getting to work, gentlemen?
00:20:47I'm going to be famous. [English]
00:20:48Did you do Enrichment Material Three yet?
00:20:50//Ooh.
00:20:51//Just start doing that then, go practice.
00:20:52Should we do assignment 25 first?
00:20:54Yes, and Enrichment Material Three.
00:20:56(inaudible)
00:20:58Sir?
00:21:00Yes.
00:21:02(inaudible)
00:21:06Uh, can't you just skip them?
00:21:08No.
00:21:09Why not?
00:21:10(inaudible)
00:21:14Do it- yes... Just do that later during the break.
00:21:19Yes, okay.
00:21:20(inaudible)
00:21:24Sir, why do they actually film?
00:21:26Yes, that's a study. That's some kind of study.
00:21:29Oh.
00:21:30Sir, will it be shown on the Educational T.V. Channel?
00:21:31No, no, no.
00:21:32Why aren't we going to (inaudible)?
00:21:33I don't know.
00:21:35Is anyone going to see this?
00:21:37Yes, I guess. I guess so.
00:21:39Are (we on screen now) or not?
00:21:41I would think so.
00:21:42(inaudible)
00:21:55Through 29 and Enrichment Material Three. And especially Enrichment Material Three, guys, is important, okay?
00:22:01Practice that one properly, because I really thought of a couple of questions that you can answer only if you understand it.
00:22:08Yes. (inaudible).
00:22:10Sir, may I keep these?
00:22:11Yes, you may.
00:22:12(inaudible)
00:22:13Is this the last lesson, sir?
00:22:15This is the last lesson.
00:22:17(inaudible)
00:22:18Now- oh-
00:22:19(inaudible)
00:22:21No, no, no, of course not.
00:22:22(inaudible)
00:22:26Ladies, you are not working on Enrichment Material Three. I'd like some action now.
00:22:30(inaudible)
00:22:34If you don't understand it then you just ask it later.
00:22:36We're just singing "The Bright Side of Life."
00:22:39Karen.
00:22:40(inaudible)
00:23:00Those are important terms that I underlined.
00:23:03(inaudible)
00:23:15Gentlemen, just start doing those last things. Clear up that mess.
00:23:19What is "accommodation"? Oh, here. (inaudible).
00:23:27Sir, may we keep this?
00:23:28Yes, you can keep it.
00:23:29(inaudible)
00:23:36I also have the answers of the D test, uh, guys. And for this last piece there is still the enrichment material to go.
00:23:45These papers you may all keep, right?
00:23:46You can keep it all.
00:23:47(inaudible)
00:23:59Annet.
00:24:00Just some brains.
00:24:03(inaudible)
00:24:17Sir, can you keep this?
00:24:18Yes, yes, yes, you can keep this.
00:24:19I didn't see that.
00:24:21What?
00:24:22I didn't-, you can't see that, from such a //great height.
00:24:23//When you're playing soccer, you watch the ball, don't you?
00:24:25(inaudible)
00:24:35Ladies, please start working industriously. (inaudible).
00:24:38(inaudible)
00:24:40(inaudible)
00:24:42(inaudible)
00:24:50Do we get all of them?
00:24:52You'll get another one later. But I'll wait with that for now. Because it includes Enrichment Material Three.
00:24:58(inaudible)
00:25:03Up to where have you gotten with this thing?
00:25:06Up to 23.
00:25:07Twenty-three.
00:25:08You had to do through 24, but I didn't understand 23.
00:25:11What don't you get about it?
00:25:12Here, wait a sec. "How come the image on the retina is perceived as normal?" And I didn't understand why-
00:25:20Here you had to say, "(Why) is the image of an object being (de)formed?"
00:25:22I didn't understand that, I've read it but I don't understand.
00:25:27"What kind of image of an object is formed on the retina." Well, that, //that-
00:25:30//That's the same, right?
00:25:31No, no, that's what we see here. We demonstrated that last time.
00:25:34Smaller?
00:25:35Smaller //and inverted.
00:25:37//Smaller and inverted. Oh.
00:25:38And your brains turn it around automatically. //So this is what you see, smaller and upside down.
00:25:41//Oh.
00:25:43I thought of a flat image //or something.
00:25:44//No, no, no, no, no, no.
00:25:45Because you also don't see-
00:25:47"An image inverted and reduced in size," is in fact the answer you should write down here. And what else don't you understand?
00:25:53Yes, no, that was okay, sure. But I understood that all right but.
00:25:56Well, this. How is this, then?
00:25:59"How come (inaudible)-"
00:26:00(inaudible), so the brain does that, then.
00:26:03Yes, your brain turns it around, right?
00:26:04Yes.
00:26:05And if you keep hanging upside down long enough, like I said, they will also turn it around once again, right?
00:26:10For how long, a day?
00:26:11Okay? Make sure you understand it. And don't pop your chewing gum like that, okay?!
00:26:16(inaudible)
00:26:26Sorry. I'm so sorry! Yes, fascinating, right? (inaudible). "An image inverted... //and reduced in size."
00:26:34//All right, how far did you guys get? You completed everything?
00:26:38I just have //(inaudible)-
00:26:39//Looked at Enrichment Material Three yet? Then take a look at Enrichment Material Three.
00:26:43But those questions you don't have to make, right?
00:26:45No, but you'll need to be able to do those, (inaudible)-
00:26:47So you should just read the text?
00:26:48Yes, yes, yes, yes. So if you'd like to take a look. Where is it?
00:26:56This one, and then actually for //the assignment-
00:26:58//So read Enrichment Material Three and //then, uh-
00:26:59//Yes. One and two, you should just do those. And make sure you are familiar with those pictures and that you understand them.
00:27:07Yes.
00:27:08All right? So knowing that the first story I told you is about this thing here. The iris opening, actually.
00:27:16Right? Those small muscles are attached to this little organ. And the second story is attached to the lens.
00:27:21So they're located very closely to each other, but they're two completely different things.
00:27:26And you have to know this as well?
00:27:28You have to understand it. Otherwise you can't answer the questions. There is no point in just memorizing it.
00:27:34Understanding, okay? Understanding.
00:27:35Usually when you know something, you understand it too.
00:27:36All right.
00:27:37Sir? Do we get only Enrichment Material One- uh, Three?
00:27:40No, Enrichment Material Three, yes.
00:27:42So not One?
00:27:43No.
00:27:44But then why did you put all the important things at One?
00:27:45Yeah.
00:27:46Well, that's how- I'd first planned that but we had the BAVO test. I had- I had forgotten about that sports day.
00:27:52I had counted on two more lessons. Then you would have gotten this, too.
00:27:54(inaudible)
00:27:55Okay? So I abbreviated it.
00:28:00Yes, normally we do all of the enrichment material. So this time it's a little less.
00:28:05(inaudible)
00:28:07Because, if I- and don't you dare write in my book.
00:28:09(inaudible)
00:28:12Ladies, how far did you get?
00:28:13Um, here. What is um, and what is "the response"?
00:28:18What is what?
00:28:19What is the response?
00:28:20Well, what is that?
00:28:22Um.
00:28:23Do you know what a response is?
00:28:25Reaction of the animal.
00:28:26Right, correct.
00:28:27Um.
00:28:30Well, what is the response?
00:28:31Um.
00:28:32Just think about it.
00:28:39If it reacts automatically, or something like that.
00:28:41Yes, but, what behavior were we talking about just now? Let's have a look.
00:28:44The cat?
00:28:45The cat yes. What does that cat do? He chases a bird.
00:28:49Yes.
00:28:50What is the response then? It wants to catch //the bird.
00:28:53//(inaudible)
00:28:54Yes, it wants to catch it.
00:28:55Yes.
00:28:56(inaudible)
00:28:59Sir?
00:29:00How far are you, um...?
00:29:02I completed everything.
00:29:04All done?
00:29:05Would like to see it?
00:29:06Yes, of course.
00:29:07Let's see.
00:29:08Yes, [laughter], that way anyone can do it. And Enrichment Material Three, what happened to it?
00:29:13[laughter]
00:29:14Because you don't have that yet, do you? You didn't do Enrichment Material Three yet.
00:29:18No, I didn't do that yet.
00:29:19Well, then get that out-
00:29:21I can do it too, but-
00:29:22And start thinking about it.
00:29:24Okay? So Enrichment Material Three.
00:29:27Now that will be tough.
00:29:28Okay?
00:29:29Those blind spots, I don't see them. I can- If I look at the drawing, I don't see (it).
00:29:35Yes, however, you should- Because which drawing did you use for that? This one?
00:29:40This one. As we were meant to.
00:29:41//Yes, yes, yes.
00:29:42//You had to hold it in front of you like this. I used that one and it didn't work that way.
00:29:44Did you close one eye?
00:29:45Yes, and that didn't work.
00:29:48//Yes.
00:29:49//It should, shouldn't it?
00:29:50That should work, though. Then you should increase- then you should increase or reduce the distance a little.
00:29:55Oh, okay.
00:29:56Either move it closer or farther away. Everybody has a blind spot,
00:29:59Yes.
00:30:00and you should- you should be able to find it.
00:30:01//Look out. The bag, behind you.
00:30:02//Just move your book up and down.
00:30:04Put that bag away. He might trip over it.
00:30:06//Last time we, last time we-
00:30:08Tuesday afternoon we worked on biology together.
00:30:11Yes.
00:30:12And now I left my papers with her, from assignment 30 on.
00:30:15Okay, you can check it at home.
00:30:17Yes?
00:30:18But what you- what you didn't do is Enrichment Material Three.
00:30:22//No, not yet.
00:30:23//Did you? Well, that one you can- For that one you should check and see if you really understand it.
00:30:26Yes.
00:30:27Like I said, that's very important. So, take a good look at it.
00:30:30And this here...
00:30:31Yes.
00:30:32Here it failed only ten times, and here 18 times and here 30 times. I failed more often with both eyes than with one eye.
00:30:38Then you, probably- you must have gone very slowly with one eye, not as fast.
00:30:45It can't be that you kept the same pace. Impossible.
00:30:49It is impossible to work more accurately with one eye than with two.
00:30:52Oh.
00:30:53So I think that the pace at which you put down the dots, that there is a large variation in that.
00:30:59While actually you're supposed to be at the same pace. And then it must be that with two eyes you can see much better.
00:31:07Yes, yes.
00:31:08Yes?
00:31:11How far did you guys get?
00:31:12I'm at 25.
00:31:13I am checking.
00:31:14So almost everything is done?
00:31:15Yes.
00:31:17But I've already checked that assignment for Basic Subject Matter One, right?
00:31:21Yes, we checked that already I believe. Can I see what you produced so far?
00:31:30Your handwriting is, uh...
00:31:31No, (inaudible).
00:31:32Lousy, huh? Getting lousy.
00:31:35No, it's always been like that.
00:31:37Sir?
00:31:38But you could type real fast, right?
00:31:39Yes, that I can.
00:31:40That's what I thought. Okay, now just do Enrichment Material Three. //Yes?
00:31:45//Sir, I have a //question?
00:31:47And that is?
00:31:48For, um: somebody looks at the tip of a pencil while it's coming closer to the eye. How does the form changes? It gets larger, right?
00:31:54No, but, the lens does not get bigger, does it? It gets rounder or flatter.
00:32:01The lens cannot get bigger, so... What question were you talking about?
00:32:04Three.
00:32:05Three. "Someone is looking at the tip of a pencil while that's..."
00:32:13So how does it shape-? They are talking about the shape, aren't they? A shape is not larger or smaller.
00:32:18You have- have something far off and you bring it closer and you want to keep seeing it clearly.
00:32:24Then it gets flatter, I think.
00:32:26No.
00:32:27It becomes more rounded?
00:32:28It gets rounder, yes.
00:32:32That is what it says up here, see?
00:32:33Oh, wait it says here //that's called accommodating.
00:32:34//Look, look. No, you have to look at this picture. Here something is at a distance. Yes, then you see the lens is flat.
00:32:42And you see the zonules here, they are taut.
00:32:44Here you have the zonules, and they drew the muscles heavier there, you see?
00:32:48Yes.
00:32:49And those zonules a little more loose. So yes, it is drawn small, but...
00:32:52Here you see something up close, in focus. That will cost me energy, I said earlier.
00:32:57You have to tense that muscle. At a distance it takes no energy.
00:33:00Yes.
00:33:01So when I bring something closer I have to make the lens more and more rounded. Simply because the light rays, I have to break those more.
00:33:08Yes, okay.
00:33:09Yes?
00:33:10Yes, //no okay.
00:33:11//That's what this is all about. The light has to be broken more and more acutely. And that's what it's all about.
00:33:17Sir? That assignment, I didn't do that one yet. So may I keep this?
00:33:22Yes, you can keep the whole thing. You //may take it with you.
00:33:24//Yes, this one I don't need any more.
00:33:26Why not?
00:33:27Because I checked all of them already.
00:33:28Yes, take it anyway. That you //can-
00:33:30//Should I start doing the enrichment material?
00:33:32Enrichment Material Three, yes.
00:33:33(inaudible)
00:33:37Whether it is behavior or isn't behavior, but don't we get that in the test anyway? That you have to just say-
00:33:43What do you mean? They're asking you for your own opinion, I think, or not?
00:33:46No.
00:33:47"(Determine) whether the following examples are, or are not examples of behavior." Yes, you can, you'll get questions about that, yes.
00:33:53Okay. So just kind of like, um, "Is it behavior or not?"
00:33:56Yes.
00:33:57Yes, okay.
00:34:00So, that's not too difficult, is it?
00:34:01No, okay but I just wanted to know if we're going to get that.
00:34:05It goes with the basic subject matter. You get a test on all basic subject matter.
00:34:10(inaudible)
00:34:13Well, ladies, where- how far have you gotten?
00:34:15I've just written down the important terms.
00:34:19Written down the important terms.
00:34:21(Yes, this).
00:34:22Okay, so, the last things.
00:34:24(inaudible)
00:34:29Yes, you get this one now. Guys, these are the last solutions, also from the, um, enrichment material. In a moment you also get the reports back.
00:34:39(inaudible)
00:35:18Wasn't there anything like, um, a form the students needed to fill out? You've got that with you? Okay.
00:35:26(inaudible)
00:35:30And here it says, "And the enrichment material," but I don't have a clue what exactly that is.
00:35:35Okay people, these are the last solutions.
00:35:37(inaudible)
00:35:38That was nonsense. There you had left it out.
00:35:41And is this only Enrichment Material Three?
00:35:42Yes, so Enrichment Material Three, is included, there, right?
00:35:46Yes, here.
00:35:47Yes, yes, yes. Yes, I left One in there, too. I just figured, for whoever is interested.
00:35:52(inaudible)
00:36:00Well, the reports, just a moment, ladies and gentlemen. I should tell you this.
00:36:06I, um, discussed this with Mr. Verhoeven, and you know that normally I never give tens.
00:36:11Unless you really earned it in terms of points. For reports I consider it just a little too much.
00:36:17It may distort your image a bit at some point.
00:36:20Mr. Verhoeven said that it won't hurt for once. He has looked at a few things with me.
00:36:24We checked if it was in a little folder.
00:36:27If the cover looked decent. Naturally, if all assignments were in fact completed.
00:36:31Uh, I read a number of the assignments. Well, you did a great job. The assignments were all done excellently.
00:36:39Most of you put a fair amount of time into it. //And therefore we also have-
00:36:42//A fair amount?
00:36:44Okay, "a lot."
00:36:46A lot? Twenty-four pages, sir.
00:36:48Yeah, I easily spent a day on it.
00:36:50And therefore we awarded some tens this time.
00:36:53Uh, it counts twice, so no- You can note it twice.
00:36:58(inaudible) sheets?
00:36:59And, um, we hand it out- Yes, of course.
00:37:01(inaudible)
00:37:08Two helpers.
00:37:10(inaudible)
00:37:15All right, hand it out quickly.
00:37:17(inaudible)
00:37:21Hey man, you already got a ten.
00:37:23A nine and a half.
00:37:24Yeah, you got a ten. Look here: a ten.
00:37:28Yes, you got a ten.
00:37:30Eddie, you got a ten.
00:37:32You had- did you already have a ten?
00:37:34Yes, for the (test).
00:37:35For the BAVO?
00:37:36Yes.
00:37:37Yes.
00:37:38(inaudible)
00:37:39Good heavens!
00:37:44I did- I did it also because the test is difficult.
00:37:49What do you have?
00:37:50A nine and a half.
00:37:52I've got a ten!
00:37:55Sir, do I have a nine and a half as well?
00:37:58Well, um, I can't remember just like that.
00:38:00(inaudible)
00:38:04No red at all.
00:38:08Let me see. Didn't you fill this out?
00:38:11Filled out what?
00:38:12This.
00:38:13Well, we didn't need to.
00:38:14I had 30 points.
00:38:17Did you study it pretty well?
00:38:19I had 12.
00:38:20I had only eight.
00:38:23Can you- can you stay seated? Stay seated. Please.
00:38:29(inaudible)
00:38:30Do they have to fill in those forms now?
00:38:34Oh, there's-
00:38:36I've got a nine and a half. But I (don't see anything marked down).
00:38:41Yes, but I'm not talking about (how things are being marked down).
00:38:44I have looked like--because you're going one class higher, right--how should a project look?
00:38:51Is it in a neat folder? That's one. Next thing you're going to look at is: how does the front page look?
00:38:57That is- if you're in tenth grade, you can't turn in something looking like this. It's not badly done. You've put some time in it.
00:39:01But altogether it should look more professional, let's put it that way. You see?
00:39:06With a computer or something like that?
00:39:08Yes, or- or at least so that it looks professional. For the rest you did it pretty well.
00:39:16But there are also people who have--and that's just what makes that ten--
00:39:18they've got all the assignments, they've got it in a folder, they've also got a front page.
00:39:24They did just a few extra things. Searched an extra picture to go with certain subject.
00:39:29And you didn't do that. Well, and Mr. Verhoeven said, "When there's nothing extra, then you'll take a half a grade off.
00:39:36If it is not in a folder you'll take half a grade off." That's how we had certain rules.
00:39:39I see.
00:39:40For the rest the assignments are worked out very well. But just that little extra something, for the //ten.
00:39:44//Yes, yes.
00:39:46Okay? Guys, don't stand in front of the door. Just go sit on your seats.
00:39:52We're not going to hang around at the door. Come on, this is not a bar.
00:39:56Why didn't you (make it)?
00:39:58Well, because I didn't look for an image or anything like that.
00:40:04No (inaudible)?
00:40:06Yeah, some people had just done a little extra something.
00:40:08Yes, thank you.
00:40:11Oh, yes, yes, yes. Written test. Tomorrow I'll be surveillant at the written test.
00:40:16Oh yeah?
00:40:17//[bell]
00:40:18Yeah, but not for us.//
00:40:19That I don't know. Okay, guys study well, all right?
00:40:21//Oh, then I have to (inaudible)-
00:40:22Yes.
00:40:23Thanks.
00:40:24See you later.